Big, Big, Big Church with the Holiest Holies of Holies....Holier even than St Peter's! quick someone tell the tour guides!
This is the official Cathedral of the Bishop of Rome ie: the Pope's very own church. It's the oldest and most important of Rome's four Papal Basilicas. Traditionally the head of the French state, at this time Franciose Holland, is ex officio the first and only cannon of the basilica.
There is an inscription over the door indicating the church's dedication to 'Christ the Savior', all other catherdrals of all the patriarchs are dedicated to Christ himself, this along with it being the cathedral of the Bishop of Rome ranks this church above all others in the Catholic Church, including St Peters, hence the title of Archbasilica.........It's #1.
Although it and the various other buildings associated with it are outside Vatican City the Lateran Treaty, which answered 'the Roman question', gave it extraterritorial status as one of the properties of the Holy See.
There's an obelisk commissioned by Thutmoses III which stood in the Circus Maximus until it was moved to this site. The ochre colored building to the left is the Lateran Palace.
The front porch or the Loggia della Benedizione is actually situated to the side of the church
There are many classical references throughout the building. The church stands on the ancient Roman site of the imperial cavalry bodyguard of Septimus Severus. Constantine abolished the guard and destroyed the fort, there are substantial remains under the nave.
The gothic baldichino from 1369
The apse echoes the ancient Roman palace and the triclinium of Pope Leo III who used it as the state banqueting hall. Although the it's not ancient some of the original mosaics in the cosmatesque style were reused.
Another view of the main altar's baldichino
Mid way thru the sets of piers and side chapels
This side chapel had a nice neoclassical father time
Thought the cutouts, tho theatrical were a little tacky
Every side chapel could be a major church in the US
The decorated ceiling dates from the middle ages
Another side chapel with a classical dome
This is looking at one of the chapels to the right of the altar from the first set of piers. The chapel beyond holds the treasury of this church, which was once called the 'church of gold'. The church was despoiled by the vandals but rebuilt in 460. We felt that if the items were that holy, they'd want everyone to see them for free.....so we didn't go to see them. Perhaps next time if we hit this church first and aren't over gilded.
The altar also has several popes buried beneath it
There are supposed relics of the cross and passion.
Looking down the nave
The side door through which you exit. A gentle reminder of the power of the church.
Across the street is the Sancta Sanctorum which is a repository of relics since ancient times. Among the great treasure here are : the actual steps, brought to Rome by St Helena in the 4thc, that Jesus walked up to Pilate's house. You must ascend the 28 steps on your knees [side steps for those with bad knees]. Once you get to the top there are various reliquaries and beautiful mosaics....sadly, it was closed for lunch when we were there...... We actually found that most churches close for lunch....3 hours give or take.....we never got to see the head of John the Baptist or the finger of St Thomas [of doubting fame] or the pillar of the flagellation [ not at Sancta Sanctorum ].....some left to see next time...